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Tribulus is Good for Something: 1.25 g/day Modulate IGF-1 Availability and Alleviate Muscle Damage While Promoting Anaerobic Performance of Intensely Trained Male Boxers

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Tribulus terrestris extracts - While the boxing gloved protect a boxers fists from damage, the TT extracts may protect his muscle. Recent study yields surprising results and insights into the performance enhancing effects of TT and why it may have failed to work in previous studies. Yes, it's (a) not a rodent study, (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal, (c) not sponsored by a supplement company (but the Chinese government), and was (d) conducted not just with untrained and mostly sedentary or "recreational trained" human beings, but even with fifteen highly trained male boxers (national second-level athletes, 2–3 years of training) who were recruited from the boxing team of Shanghai University of Sport Affiliated School of Sports in China. This alone makes the latest study from the Shanghai University of Sport newsworthy. The fact that the scientists actually observed significant and practically effects when they 'fed' their subjects 1.25g of a standardize...
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Endocrine Side-Effects of Athletic Competition: Is Power Lifting for Pussies and Canoeing for Real Men? Sports Specific Hormone Profiles - Cause or Coincidence?

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With only one female power lifter and fewer female athletes for all sports, I didn't copy the hardly legible data for them, as well. Some of you will remember the sneak peak of the results of a recent study designed to measure the "profile of hormones in a group of elite athletes" I gave you on Facebook a couple of days ago ( read more ). In case you do belong to the >4,500 people who already liked the SuppVersity Facebook Page , you will also remember that the observational study a group of Irish + British researchers conducted was meant to provide information about "what may be considered as normal" in a group of people among whom the use of hormones as performance-enhancing agents is widespread. The research question M.J. Healy and colleagues from the St James’s Hospital, the Tallaght Hospital and the University of Exeter in Ireland and the UK tried to answer is thus: "What's actually normal for someone who's voluntarily exposing his bod...
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High Protein Diets Don't Counter Anti-Anabolic Effects of Low Energy Intake: 29% Reduction in Free Testosterone, -16% IGF-1 With 40% Energy Deficit Despite 2.4g/kg Protein

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Melt the belly, keep the muscle - a decent amount of protein is key, but more ain't more and as a recent study shows: This has nothing to do with hormones. If you are no newbie to the SuppVersity you will be aware that there is no way to escape the "anti-anabolic" effects of suboptimal energy intakes. You will also know that protein catabolism cannot be countered by the ingestion of extra protein (see "Protein Intake & Muscle Catabolism: Fasting Gnaws on Your Muscle Tissue and Abundance Causes Wastefulness" | read more ). And, last but not least, you will be aware of the fact that the best you can do is to eat enough protein to keep the protein synthetic machinery running by consuming mTOR-promoting fast-absorbing high BCAA (leucine) protein sources such as whey protein ( learn more about whey protein). The data from the Pasiokos study shows: 1.6g/kg and not 2.4g/kg allows for the optimal balance of fat loss and lean mass retention (Pasiakos. 201...
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True or False - High or Low Protein Intakes Have Profound Influence on Testosterone, SHBG, Estrogen, Cortisol & Co?

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We are what we eat! Acknowledged, but does this also go for your hormones and different in protein intakes? Let's have another look at the contemporarily available research to figure that out. In recent study in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism a group of researchers from the Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation at the University of Alberta reports: "Supplementing a typical daily food intake consisting of 0.8 g of protein ·kg-1·d-1 with a whey protein isolate (an additional 0.8 or 1.6 g·kg-1·d-1) [...] had no effect on glucose, insulin, testosterone, cortisol, or growth hormone following the final mea l" (Forbes. 2013). I know, anything else would have been a real shocker. What it wouldn't be, though, is a total surprise. If you dig through the available literature you can easily find data that would support the scientists' assumption that doing an experiment "to investigate the effects of a controlle...
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When Rodents Squat, Scientists Gain Insights into How Muscles Grow. IGF-1 Response to Exercise Does Matter - Locally, not Systemically, of Course!

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You want to build big wheels? Look no further get yourself the "Squat T-Bar" with integrated 15mA electrical 'motivator' (Aguiar. 2012) "A rodent study investigating strength workouts?" Yeah, I know it does not sound like that would be in any ways news-worthy, but if you take a look at the image on the right, you will immediately realize: This study is different! Instead of using a treadmill or simply stitching down (or rather up) one of the hindlimbs of the rodents to induce a chronic overload on the other one (don't laugh, many rodent studies have done just that), the study at hand (Aguiar. 2012), which is going to be published in the next issue of the International Journal of Sports Medicine , used a not innovative, but unfortunately largely forgotten (or overlooked?) torturing device that has been developed by Japanese researchers roughly 20 years a ago (Tamaki. 2012). The rodent torture... ah pardon squat rack ;-) After being fitted with ...
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Intermittent Thoughts on Building Muscle: The Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy 101 - Part 2: Getting Big Means Growing Beyond Temporary Physiological Limits.

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Image 1: This is another type of "dysfunctional muscle"; distinct from the one we are talking about, here Although I assume that you all have read the last installment of the Intermittent Thoughts, I took FatFree's comment that he (or she?) was missing the " too comlicated check box" from the old design to the heart (I do so with every comment, btw, so keep them coming) and kick off today's installment of "The Thoughts" with a brief and even more "dumbed down" summary of what we have learned about the (possibly) ascertained and, even if human skeletal muscle hyperplasia existed, dominant factors in the trinity of skeletal muscle growth: Protein synthestic increases in myonuclear domain sizes and the satellite cell driven incorporation of new myonuclei. Getting big goes beyond ballooning up You probably will remember the balloon-metaphor, I introduced in the red infobox toward the end of the last installment . Let's briefly...
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