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Female Athletes' Body Composition Suffers From Chronic Energy Deficits: Effects of Energy, Protein, CHO Intake, Timing & Distribution in Gymnasts & Volleyball Players

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Even female volleyball players are wo- men - no wonder they tend to undereat ;) Usually we are learning about what makes us fat by looking at those who are fat. Studies on athletes like gymnasts and volleyball players, and what influences their body composition, on the other hand, are scarce. Reason enough for me to take a closer look at two thesis by graduates from the Georgia State University who analyzed the relationship between moderate, within day protein intake and energy balance on body composition of collegiate sand volleyball players (Richardson. 2014) and the relationship between daily protein distribution and body composition in elite gymnasts (Paszkiewicz. 2014) - research that could be relevant for both, men and women. I guess many of you will remember that I've written about gymnasts before - in July 2013, to be precise. In said article with the telling title "Do Chronic Energy Deficits Make Athletes Fat? The Longer & More Severe You Starve, the Fatte...
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Do Chronic Energy Deficits Make Athletes Fat? The Longer & More Severe You Starve, the Fatter You Are. Irrespective of What the Calories-in-VS-Calories-Out Formula May Say

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This is not an "anti-gymanstics" or "anti-runners" article, this is an anti-ruin-your-life-post for the average female and male gymrat. Maybe you've read about the results Deutz, Bernardot, Martin and Cody published in their 1999 paper on the "Relationship between energy deficits and body composition in elite female gymnasts and runners"... in fact, it may be possible that I already mentioned it in the "Athletes Triad Series" ( read more ), but even if I did, the fact that I get messages like "I eat 1,100kcal/day and still gain, not lose fat" or "my girlfriend eats 900kcal/day and maintains that this is normal ", tells me it does not matter if I mention one or two of the figures the authors compiled in this unfortunately highly "under-cited" paper (only 72 citations are referencing this article) twice. If that makes just one of the victims of their own ambition rethink what he or she is doing, it was well ...
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The Female(?) Athlete Triad - Part I/III: How An Evolutionary Advantage Can Turn Its Ugly Face On Both Sexes!

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The cover of the Vogue is usually not the place to turn to, if you are looking for role-models, but let's be honest: Do you believe Hope Solo or Serena Williams suffer from amenorrhea or their fellow Olympian Brian Lochte from low testosterone? I don't think so. So, there must be something "real" athletes do that way too many weekend warriors, who are in it, often to look just like their stars don't do - and in this multi-part SuppVersity Special , we are going to figure out what this may be. I guess some of you will already have believed that I had forgotten about the requested and promised article on the "Female Athlete Triad" . As you can easily see, this is not the case and still, I must admit that it will take another week until I will eventually have make good on my promise, as this is only the first part of a multi-part feature . The main reason I decided to split things up is that I did not want you to simply skip on the fundamental inform...
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The (Over-)Motivational Roots of Orthorexia, Overtraining & Co - Plus: Symptoms, Recovery Times & Scientific Questionnaire to Recognize Early Signs of Overtraining

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Image 1: Does not look motivated, right? This kitty just knows about the value of carefully planned laziness! Originally I had planned another article for today, but after Adelfo's somewhat unexpected "2nd place victory", I do not just want to go back to business as usual and thusly decided to take a brief look at what science has to say about winning, losing, motivation and getting back on track. And lo and behold loosing due to the obviously subjective decision of judges and the subsequent "discouragement", which, in psychological terms, could be subsumed under "non-self determined amotivation", is something that is significantly more prevalent in high performing athletes (Bulgarian title and medal holders in this particular study) than in the 2nd row of top athletes ( Chantal. 1996 ). When it comes to motivation "over-" can be worse than "under-" And while the Bulgarian athletes in the 1990s certainly had other "amot...
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"Strong is the Better Sexy!" Athletes Are Better Role Models Than Sexualized Cover Models For Young Women

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Image 1: Photos of like this, showing athletic women, during competition, or when they train, unfortunately, never make it to the magazine covers, with their heavily photoshop-ed images of male and female "celebrities". Those of you who have not skipped my lengthy introduction to Adelfo's latest blogpost will probably have read between the lines that I personally believe that the influence of attitudinal values and believes about themselves and others on failure and success of what people usually refer to as their "transformation" is largely underrated. On the one hand of the extreme, you have those, who run around telling everyone how "happy" they are with the (mostly pretty chubby) "way they are" only to boil out their eyes, when they get home from work and sit lonely in front of their television. Then, you got those people who acknowledge that they are not really satisfied with the way they look, but that the latter "must...
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