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Physique Athletes Not Prone to Metab./Hormonal 'Damage', Recent Pilot Study in 15 Male & Female Athletes Suggests

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Even though the study has male and female study participants this study is still more geared towards the men - why else do we have testosterone, but not estrogen measurements? As the scientists point out as early as in the title, a recent paper by Trexel et al. (2017) is indeed (at best) a "pilot study" to "evaluate changes in body composition, metabolic rate, and hormones during post-competition recovery" in "physique athletes". In view of the lack of reliable data from the contest preparations o bodybuilders and other physique-sport athletes, even this "pilot" data is more than worth reporting. That's particularly true, because it is still not clear, as Trexel et al. write whether the "physiological effects of contest preparation persist after competition" and thus whether "they may predispose [...] to preferential gain of fat mass and prolonged, deleterious endocrine side effects" (Trexel 2017) Read about rather...
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Dieting Down to ~10% Body Fat for Women: Contest Prep Study - Deficits, Muscles, Hormones and the Yo-Yo Effect

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This would unquestionably be at the lower end of contest BF% levels (avg. 12%) the women in this study achieved, The number of studies on fitness and bodybuilding competitions is limited. Probably you will remember my previous discussions of the paper/s by Rossow, et al. ("Natural bodybuilding competition preparation and recovery: a 12-month case study." | 2013)  Kistler, et al. ("Case Study: Natural Bodybuilding Contest Preparation." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism", 2014), and  Robinson et al. ("A nutrition and conditioning intervention for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: case study" | 2015). And yes, three is not just the number of studies that I've covered at the SuppVersity , it's also the number of decently recent studies dabbling with dieting down for a contest in one of the "physique sports". High protein helps, but do not counter the weight-loss-induced changes in RMR ...
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Nine Short Workouts (AM+PM) p. Week Yield Extra Strength, Size and Performance Gains Compared to Volume Matched 3-Day Split, All Differences are Non-Significant, Though

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15 min in the AM, 15 in the PM = Win? For many of you that may sound laughable, but according to a recent study from the University   of Copenhagen  it is at least as effective as three "mammoth" workouts-sessions per week. What kind of trainee are you? Do you hit the gym thrice a week, spend two hours there and crawl out of the gymdoors totally exhausted? Yeah... Well that means you're not the fitness model guy, who trains twice a day for 15-20 minutes only and swears that this is the only way to do it? After all these questions you're probably asking yourself if the answers you gave in your mind were good or bad for ya? Right? Well, eventually, both forms of training can be equally effective. If we take a closer look at the non-significant study outcomes in a recent paper by scientists from the University of Copenhagen (Kilen. 2015), though body composition and strength may in fact benefit more if you train more frequently - even  if the total workout volume...
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