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5α-androstane-3,6,17-trione - Kneller's Trione: Newly Patented Aromatase Inhibitor that Raises Testosterone Without Lowering Estrogen Levels!?

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I happened onto an interesting patent ( Kneller. 2011 ), published on 02/10/2011 the author of which, Bruce Kneller, who was arrested in the course of a steroid bust back in 2006 , claims to have invented an aromatase inhibitor, 5α-androstane-3,6,17-trione (Kneller's Trione) which produces " substantial and significant increases in plasma testosterone levels in men while inducing no changes outside the accepted normal limits for plasma estradiol levels". This is very different from your usual AI (ATD, Arimidex, Letrozole, etc.) which tend to eradicate estrogen and thus produce nasty side effects. As far as its concrete applications are concerned the author writes: The oral, daily dose of Kneller's Trione can be from about 25 mg to about 750 mg per day , such as, for example, from about 25 mg to about 500 mg per day, from about 25 mg to about 250 mg per day, or from about 25 to about 100 mg per day. [...] In some embodiments of the invention the composition c...
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New Study Says: Boron Does Indeed Raise Free Testosterone

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There have been rumors on the Internet for quite some time - "Did you hear? Boron increases testosterone!" Hitherto, however, these claims have not been substantiated by reliable scientific research. A recent study done by a group of scientists from Iran ( Naghii. 2010 ) yet seems to prove that this is more than the steroid-loaden phantasy of an average gymrat. In a placebo controlled study, the scientists found that supplementation with 10mg Boron/day did not only lower SHGB and thus raise testosterone, it did also lower three inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitive CRP (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)): Table1: Hormones and inflammatory biomarkers concentration (mean ± SD) plus hormone ratios following consumption of placebo (day 0) and weekly boron supplementation (day 7) As you can see in table 1, the testosterone to estrogen ratio more than doubled (0.31 to 0.67). This alone makes me believe that it won't take too long...
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Fenugreek Supplement Increases Upper- and Lower-Body Strength and Body composition

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Fenugreek is an ingredient in several recently released dietary supplements , most claim to increase testosterone, something a recent study ( Poole. 2010 ) on the effect of supplementation with a commercially available 500mg fenugreek supplement does not substantiate. Table 1: Within and between group hormonal changes from baseline (T1) through week 8 (T3) If you have a look at table 1, you will see that other than advertised there was not only no raise in testosterone, but a decline! It is all the more remarkable that the intervention produced significant increases in upper- and lower-body strength and body composition in the subjects, who took part in a supervised 4-day per week periodized resistance-training program split into two upper and two lower extremity workouts per week for a total of 8-weeks: Significant group x time interaction effects were observed among groups in changes in body fat (FEN: -2.3 +/- 1.4%BF; PL: -0.39 +/- 1.6 %BF, p < 0.001) , leg press 1-RM...
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Possible Side Effects of 17β-estradiol and Tamoxifen Treatment

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Treatment with estrogens, mainly in women, and selective estrogen modulators (SERMS), which are also interesting for the average juicer, may yield hitherto unknown metabolic side effects. Scientists from Portugal ( Moreira. 2010 ) have found that both, tamoxifen as well as estrogen treatment influence the oxidative capacity of mitochondria: Fig. 1. Effects of E2 and/or TAM treatments on glutathione levels of liver, heart and brain mitochondria. ( Moreira. 2010 ) In spite of the distinct effect on glutathione levels, their effect on lipid peroxidation appears to be contrary: TBARS levels were used to determine the extension of lipid peroxidation (PX) induced by the pro-oxidant pair ADP/Fe 2+ . Fig. 3 A shows that liver mitochondria isolated from E2 + TAM females in the presence of ADP/Fe 2+ produced significantly lower levels of TBARS when compared with liver mitochondria isolated from the other groups of experimental animals. No significant alterations were ob...
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Anti-Androgenic Effect of ATD

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A few month ago a study by Svensson ( Svensson. 2010 ) caused quite a fuss in the supplement world. The scientist had injected huge amounts of ATD into his laboratory rats and found that "the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD; 60 mg/kg/day s.c.) decreased behavioral disinhibition in testosterone-treated rats (without affecting accessory sex organ weights)". In view of the huge dosage, I simply ignored the results of that study until I recently stumbled across a whole bunch of papers which support the notion that ATD is in fact anti-androgenic, in that it does reduce testosterone receptor binding in the brain ( Kaplan. 1989 ). The negative effect of ATD administration on mating behavior and success (2x ejaculation) in testosterone treaded rats is alarming (cf. figure 1): Figure 1: Effect of ATD supplementation on sexual performance of hypogonadal rats treated with testosterone + propylene glycol (T+PG), testosterone + ATD (T+ATD) or ATD alone. ...
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