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The Effect of Testosterone With / Without Training on Size, Morphology, Neuronal Wiring of Elderly Muscle (Rat Model)

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How do youthful+ (probably slightly above range) levels of testosterone affect muscle size, strength, and morphology as we age? That's more or less what the authors of a recent study wanted to know when they injected aging rats with testosterone propionate and observed if/how this would affect aging in the presence or absence of resistance training. Yes, I know, this is only a rodent study, and no one can tell for sure if similar effects will be observed in human beings... I know. What you can be sure about, however, is that an identical study is not  going to be conducted with human subjects. So, all smartasses who don't give a damn about rodent studies and are unwilling to or unable to take them for what they are - basic physiological studies for hypothesis formation - please stop reading here. Since you have not stopped reading, yet, I guess you will be interested in what the researchers from the São Judas Tadeu University and the São Paulo State University did to anal...

TRT - How Healthy, Lean and Muscular Will Testosterone Replacement Make You? Data from Recent Meta-Analysis

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TRT - What to expect in terms of its effects on a man's body composition? If you hear people talk about "gear" (=performance enhancing drugs | PED), you get the impression that one injection of testosterone, nandrolone and co would turn a scrawny beginner into an Olympian. Reality, however, looks much different ... in fact, the number of people who ruin their health with (often oral) designer steroids without seeing any of the results they expect has been increasing continuously over the past years (Baker. 2006a,b; Graham. 2008; Rahnema. 2014) and that despite the fact that the "Anabolic Steroid Control Act" of 2004 was originally meant to prevent exactly that from happening (Herschthal. 2012). In spite of the fact that the introduction of today's SuppVersity article focused on PED, the purpose of the meta-analysis and thus its summary was "systematically review [...] available observational and register studies reporting data on body composition ...

Tribulus Boosts Testosterone (+12%), IGF-1 (+20%), Sheds 2kg (7%) Body Fat and Maintains Lean Mass in 12 Wk RCT

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Could a high dose of purified saponin tribulus extract as it was obviously used in the study at hand actually be a valid TRT alternative or even option?  No, this is not the 2015 study in trained boxers that found similarly surprising, because impressive benefits from tribulus terrestris (TT) supplementation ( read it ). It's a new study from the  Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education  in Katowice, Poland (Wilk. 2016) that has no direct link to the previously discussed study from the   Shanghai University of Sport Affiliated School of Sports in China. And even though, the aim, i.e. to determine the effects of steriodal saponins from tribulus terrestris on the blood concentration of testosterone (T), GH and IGF-1 was similar, the overall design of the study was significantly different. Don't forget to work out - Without exercise you're not going to get lean and jacked, bro! Tri- or Multi-Set Training for Body Recomp.? Aug '15 Ex.Res. Upd.: Nitra...

T-Boosters Revisited: Maca & G. Cola Boost Testosterone by More Than 125% and 300% While Increasing Libido

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We still need human studies to confirm the results of the studies to call maca and garcinia cola "proven T-boosters"! Before you get all-too-excited; let's be clear about this: An increase in natural testosterone production will not produce the same increase in muscle mass and reduction in body fat as injectable testosterone. As I've explained in two previous articles (" Understanding the Big T ", " Quantifying the Big T "), the difference lies in small constant (T-booster) vs. extreme and slowly declining increases in testosterone (T-injection | see Figure 1 ). If you take a look at the dose-response graph I created for the former article, you will yet realize that this does not mean that a significant boost of low-ish T-levels wouldn't have benefits - especially on your body composition. With that being said, there's a second thing I must say right away: both studies I will discuss in today's article are rodent studies (rats t...
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