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Maintain & Increase Your Insulin Sensitivity - Wrap-Up: Overview + 3 Stacks. Plus: AMPK & PPAR-γ Revisited

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It's not about exercise or nutrition, it's about both of them. And as long as it is not about the former it should not be about supplements either. It's Sunday and finally time for the wrap up of the "Maintain & Increase Your Insulin Sensitivity" Series ( read all previous installments ). It took me quite some time to get through all the compounds on my and your list and the outcome is far from being a "complete" list of all the agents that can have beneficial effects on your insulin sensitivity. Still, if there is at least one agent, one fact or one take home message for each of the 6 previous articles of which you would say: "Ok, I guess that was worth wasting some of my valuable time on", I would be happy. For myself it was by the way yet another occasion to learn more  about many of the agents, I reviewed in this series . And if you listened to the SuppVersity Science Round-Up on Thursday , you will probably remember that I said...
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The Quest For the Best N6:N3 Ratio. Swine Study Suggests: 5:1 is Healthy, 1:1 Will Also Cut Fat and Build Muscle

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 Yes, this study is about omega-3s, but it is not about the beneficial effects of fish oil. Ok, I see you are totally excited, so I am not going to beat around the bush for long: According to a soon-to-be-published study from the Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture at the Chinese Academy of Sciences  a 5:1 ratio of n-6:n3 (as in omega-6 to omega-3) is good enough to keep pigs healthy. Kicking out another couple of grams of omega-6 fatty acids, on the other hand, had pretty intriguing effects on the body composition of the ninety-six male cross-bred (Large White£ Landrace) pigs who happened to weigh about as much as an average human being (another advangate, of swine - HED calculations are not necessary; learn more ). Did you know that pigs are opportunistic omnivores just like us and provide a better model of human metabolism than our little, furry remote cousins with the big round eyes and the lo...
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Amorfrutins: Plant-Derived Selective PPAR-Modulator Outperforms Regular Diabetes Drug and Exhibit Significant Weight Loss, Insulin and Leptin Sensitizing Effects

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Image 1: Amorpha fruticosa (photo R. Ott) is a deciduous shrub growing to 4.5 m, the fruits of which contain about 500mg of amorfrutins per 1kg raw material. One major argument I have been bringing forward against the use of diabetes "medications" for quite some time, now, is that most of them are not "treatment" strategies, in the sense that they help people lose body fat to naturally restore insulin sensitivity and get off their drugs, but rather the opposite. Drugs like rosiglitazone, for example, allow for the further expansion of the adipose tissue and reduce blood glucose levels by storing the excess glucose in those new or expanding fat cells. A recent paper by Weidner et al. does now suggest that there may be a natural alternative ( Weidner. 2012 ), which - despite acting on the same PPAR pathways lacks the fattening effects of synthetic PPAR-gamma ligands (molecules in drugs that interact with the peroxisome pro-liferator-activated receptor gamma) - l...
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Vitamin D3 a "Fat Synthesizer"!? Rodent Study Shows +33% Increased Fat Deposition in Vitamin D3 Supplemented Mice.

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Illustration 1: Experts will recognize from looking at these Oil Red O-stained longissimus dorsi slices of mice on a normal and a vitamin D3 supplemented diet that supplemental (! not vitamin D from the sun !) "vitamin D3 can be used a s a fat synthesizer and meat tenderizer in meat-producing animals". (img in illustraton from Choi. 2011 ) I have been railing against the current vitamin D hype for months now. In that, I have at no point in time implied that "backfilling" depleted vitamin D levels via supplementation could not be beneficial (or at least not harmful), nor have I at any time excluded that vitamin D3 supplementation (even if you are in the "normal" range) could have its merit (cf. vitamin D3 + HMB ). What I have done though, was to point at the lack of controlled studies that would support any of the benefits supplemental vitamin D3 is currently hailed for all over the Internet. This amazes me, because the very same "gurus" who...
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Ephedra is Back! 'Mahabala', Featuring PEA, Ephedrine, Choline, Betaine & More, Is Nature's Hypolipidemic, Anti-Diabetic and Cardioprotective Fat Burning Stack

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Image 1: Sida rhomboidea leafs contain ephedrine and other fat loss related alkaloids (Tan Hoard Exports) If you are a supplement producer, I suppose you will soon drop me an email to get the phone number of Ranjitsinh V. Devkar from the Division of Phytothrapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology at the Department of Zoology of the M. S. University of Baroda in Gujarat, India. And, I must admit, if I had not always believed that "Nature knows best!" , I would probably have been similarly surprised as some of you will have been, when they read the title of this blogpost - the 'ingredient profile' of Sida rhomboidea ( also Sida rhombifolia ), or  "Mahabala" , a weed that is found in marshy places all across India and that has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to treat fever, heart disease, ever, heart diseases, burning sensations, urinary disorders, piles and all kinds of inflammation, looks like it had been printed on a non-FDA-approved ...
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Xylitol, a Low-Calorie Sweetener With Unknown Fat-Burning Side-Effects!? Replacing Cornstarch With the Five-Carbon Sugar, Xylitol, Ramps Up Fat Burning Enzymes in Rodent Model of Diet Induced Obesity.

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Image 1: Xylitol christals under the micro- scope (photo taken by Anders Østergaard Madsen , Denmark 2001) From a health perspective, the five-carbon sugar alcohol Xylitol has hitherto principally been known for its beneficial effects on dental health. With a caloric value of 3kcal/g the naturally occurring ingredient of a wide variety of plants, citrus fruits (plums, strawberries, raspberries) and vegetables (cauliflower) does have less calories than sugar, nevertheless, according to the fundamentally flawed, but still widely held paradigm that " a calorie is a calorie, no matter where it comes from ", the idea of replacing sugar with xylitol to reduce the overall caloric load would make little sense even on a diet that was relatively high in carbohydrates. So, if it were not for the highly marketable statement "sugar free" on chewing gums and candies, xylitol would probably not even have made it to the consumer marke...
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Coumarins from the Stem Barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Inhibit Adipocyte Differentiation. A Novel Candidate for Weight Loss Supplement?

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A recent study by Shin et al. ( Shin. 2010 ) identified another potential weight loss drug: The Coumarins from the stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla inhibited adipocyte differentiation and thus the basic mechanism of irreversible fat gain. Figure 1: Effects of Coumarins from F. rhynchophylla on Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells on days 1-6 ( Shin. 2010 ) As figure 1 shows, Esculetin a Coumarin from Fraxinus rhynchophylla is highly effective in inhibiting early adipocyte differentiation (day 1). With regard to the underlying mechanism of action, the scientists speculate: Esculetin (1) significantly blocked induction of PPARg expression in differentiated adipocytes, as measured by Western blot analysis (Fig. 4). In addition, esculetin (1) significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation induced by troglitazone, a PPARg agonist (Fig. 5). These results suggest that esculetin (1) inhibited adipogenic differentiation, in part, via inhibition of PPARg -dependent pathway ....
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