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4g of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Promote CYP17A1 + Leydig Cell Testosterone Production and Increase Cardio-Mediated Muscle, Strength and Endurance Gains

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"That's all the exercise in induced T-response, bro. Now shut up, I got to squat!" Yes, this is another of those rodent studies of which we simply don't know if the results will eventually translate to humans. In contrast to previous studies on CLA , which dealt with weight loss and produced marvelous results (see "CLA Destroys Body Fat & Increases Endurance!" | read more ) which could not be reproduced in human trials. This very recent paper from Italy deals with CLA 's effects on exercise, testosterone, and potential gains in muscle mass and leaves the parameter body fat out of the equation (Barone. 2013). "Hold on, that's not news, is it?" When Roy Nelson shot me the link to the pertinent paper by Rosario Barone et al. (2013), the above, i.e. "Hold on, that's not news, is it?" was actually my first thought. After all, I had written about the purported muscle building effects of CLA in the past (see "Re...
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Review Claims: CLA & Fish Oil Improve "Anabolic" Effects of Exercise - What Does the SuppVersity Sniff Test Say?

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A bigger biceps and less body fat to cover your precious gains? At least for CLA this has in fact been observed in a human study (see figure 1 ). About two weeks ago, I stumbled across an interesting paper that had just been published in the peer-reviewed journal Nutrients , filed it and got so much to do that I would almost have forgotten about it. When I was just thinking about which topic to address next, I did yet remember the auspicious conclusion to the abstract, which says "we can hypothesize that fat supplements may improve the anabolic effect of exercise." (Macaluso. 2013). "May" and "hypothesis", those are terms I like and since fish oil and CLA were implicated in the previous lines, I suppose you are going to like it as well. So what would be more obvious than to apply the "SuppVersity Sniff Test" (I am beginning to like this term, Carl often uses on the Science Round-Up ) to this ostensibly well-researched review of the literature...
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DHA Blunts Negative Side Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) W/out Hampering Its Effects on Body Fat Loss & the Expression of Obesity Genes

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She already knew what scientists have recently discovered and now confirmed: You better stack CLA and DHA if you want lean and health offspring ;-) Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is not only an omega-6 fatty acid, it's also a trans-fat (though a natural one) and still even scientists believe that it could contribute to the solution of the diabesity epidemic, if it (a) finally yielded the same extreme fat loss (yep, just the blubber, nothing else) results in human beings as in rodents (cf. " CLA Annihilates Body Fat and Increases Endurance ") and (b) anywhere near appropriate doses would not hold he risk of inducing fatty liver disease and insulin resistance (Clément. 2002). At least with respect to (b) a "bodybuilding approach" to CLA supplementation which is based on the "if hammering your head against the wall hurts, you better make sure you wear a helmet" principle of stacking CLA and PUFAs, esp. the long-chain omega-3 fatty acid DHA , has alre...
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A Higher Intake of CLA and Vaccenic Acid from Dairy, Beef, Veal and Lamp Could Prevent Subtle Weight Gain in Healthy Middle-Aged Individuals. Is 1.5g/day the Magic Number?

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A dairy cow: Does her stomach hold the key to a leaner, healthier life or are CLA and vaccenic acid, the ruminant trans-fatty acids just as bad as their grainy cousins? There are supplements that work and supplements that don't work and then there are those supplements, where nobody can actually tell, whether they belong to the former or the latter category. Conjugated linoleic acid , the ruminant omega-6 trans-fat you will find at particularly high concentrations in milk and meat products from grassfed dairy, unquestionably belongs to the latter category. While we do actually have plenty of in parts almost unsettlingly impressive rodent data (e.g. " CLA Destroys Body Fat & Increases Endurance! But at Which Costs? " ), the outcomes of independent  controlled human studies are equivocal; with results ranging from "total failure", to "promising, but not half as impressive as we have expected based on previous rodent studies". That being said, I...
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CLA Destroys Body Fat & Increases Endurance! But at Which Costs? It Almost Triples Liver & Doubles Spleen Weight and Increases Blood Glucose & Cholesterol Levels!

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Image 1 (Zhu. 2012): The allegedly leaner mouse on the left has a certain gene defect due to which it developed both lipodystrophy (fat loss) and diabetes early in life. Now guess what the mice on the 5% CLA diet developed after 6 weeks? It is quite funny how the same people who are terrified by the thought that creatine (suggested read " The Pharmacokinetics of Creatine ") could damag their kidneys cast caution to the wind, when it comes to magical fat loss pills. " CLA does help fat loss? How can I get more of it? " While the non-existence of conclusive evidence that conjugated linoleic acid does even work in human and the presence of at least 28 isomers of linoleic acid, which are mainly found in the meat and dairy products from ruminants (Banni. 2002) and of which only one seems to "work" is one thing, the ignorance people display for the potential negative side effects high doses (so high that they would maybe help you burn body fat) can have on l...
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CLA for Lean Gains! Trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic acid, But Not the Cis-9 Isomer, Decreases De Novo Lipid Synthesis in Human(!) Adipocytes by More Than 50%

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Image 1: Most commercially available products still have a mixture of the active 10,12 CLA and the inactive 9,11 CLA. If you read the first installment of the SuppVersity Student Spotlight , and/or listened to our now famous SuppVersity student, Duong, on Carl Lenore's Super Human Radio, yesterday , you'll know that Duong's approach to intermittent fasting delivered impressive muscle gains, even on a caloric deficit! But what if you are lean already? Regardless of whether or not you fast intermittently, eating a hypocaloric diet (i.e. eating less calories than you need) does not appear to be the ideal strategy to "bulk", does it? Well, a group of international scientists from Denmark, the US, France and Germany recently found that CLA, or Trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid, to be precise, could possibly ward off fat gains by decreasing the amount of fat that is produced and getting stored in your adipose ...
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CLA For Weight Loss: Safe, but Ineffective. Conjugated Linolic Acid Fails to Improve Body Composition or Lipid Profile in 8-Week Human Study

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The early 2000s were the fat years: "Want to lose fat? Eat fat!" became the credo of more and more nutritional gurus, who put their faithful clients "on" EFAs, PUFAs and a certain fatty acid (FA) that, despite, or rather due to its presence in our food chain, had hitherto received little attention by the medical orthodoxy: conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). All of a sudden, this "unhealthy" trans-fatty acid that can be found in relatively large amounts in high fat milk products, was supposed to become the magic bullet in every dieter's fight against unhealthy or unaesthetic body fat. So, is the majority of the Americans in the 21st century going to be obese, simply because they are not consuming enough CLA? A recent study from Canadian scientists ( Jones. 2011 ) suggests otherwise. In a 3-phase crossover trial, Jones et al. recruited 27 overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ), borderline hype...
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Grass-Fed Beef: Does CLA make the difference? Probably Not.

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You certainly have heard of the benefits of the meat of grass-fed, i.e. naturally nourished, cows. Well, although I do not want to question its general superiority to corn-fed high omega-6 meat, it probably is not the CLA content which distinguishes good from not so good meat sources. A recent study, which was conducted by scientists from the Iowa State University ( Brown. 2011 ), scientists investigated the effect of a "balanced nutritionally complete diet" (31% energy from lipid, 13% from protein, and 54% from carbohydrate) with either high (1.17 g/d) or low (0.35 g/d) CLA content on various health parameters of 18 healthy women aged between 20 to 39 years over a 8 weeks period. These are the results: The CLA diet did not result in any differences in insulin sensitivity, body composition, circulating blood lipids, or other measured disease risk factors as compared with the control diet. Accordingly, the scientists concluded "that a diet naturally enriched wit...
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CLA: Good For Fat-Loss, Bad for Your Liver

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Molecular structure of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, HMDB v2.5 ) After being hyped as the next big thing in the weight-loss business, interest in the anti-lipidemic effects of CLA has certainly diminished over the past months. A recent investigation by Joseph et.al. ( Joseph. 2010 ) may well restore scientific interest in its metabolic effects. The scientists found a significant increase in lean-body mass that was accompanied by a decrease in fat mass in hamsters fed with a diet supplemented with a CLA-mixture containing the isomeres t8, c10+c9, t11-CLA and another mixture of t10, c12-CLA . The third mixture, i.e. c9, t11-CLA , on the other hand, did not exhibit similar positive effects on body composition. It did however have the same negative effects on liver size as the other CLA-mixture. While it certainly is questionable if and in how far the results are transferable to a human context the increase in liver weight is another negative side effect which adds to the...
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