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If the Androgen Receptor Response to Training Determines Your Gainz, the Question is: How Can You Optimize 'ur AR Density? Training-, Diet-, and Supplement-Effects Reviewed

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Your androgen receptor status may not just determine how much muscle you gain - the data from Morton et al. seems to suggest that it even determines if you make visible muscle gains, at all. Unless you've missed following the SuppVersity on Facebook , yet, you will remember my recent, highly popular post which previewed the results of a recent study from the  McMaster University  in Ontario. Meanwhile, the full-text of the study has been published and it highlights what I pointed out before: It supports previous research, which showed that neither the acute increase in intramuscular free testosterone, nor dihydrotestosterone, or 5α-reductase predicts the muscle gains of resistance-trained men. More importantly, however, it has the potential to shift the interest in post-exercise changes of testosterone, IGF1, GH & co. to the androgen receptors or rather how they (and maybe other receptors, like the IGF-1 receptor) respond to resistant exercise. Read more abou...
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IL-6 - True Muscle Builder or Just a Measure of Workout Intensity? Plus: If Testosterone Does Not Matter, Why Does the Androgen Receptor Density Make a Difference?

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No matter how close we look, the influence of previous, i.e. GH, IGF-1 and testosterone, as well as novel, i.e. IL-6 and AR expression, potentially growth promoting suspects remains elusive. SuppVersity readers know, there is more to " inflammation " than the average mass media article will make you believe. The same "bad cytokines" that will decrease your insulin sensitivity, make you sick and obese, when they leak from your "inflamed" beer belly, are actually the good guys, when they are released in response to a workout from the musculature. "Myo-", not "cytokines", that's how researchers refer to them (Pedersen. 2007); and their role in (exercise) metabolism and immunity is until now still not fully understood. The results the scientists from the McMaster University probably won't add much to our understanding of the systemic effects of IL-6 and other myokines. What certainly do, though, is to support the notion that ...
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Serum & Intramuscular Testosterone, DHT and Androgen Receptor Response to High vs. Low Volume Training

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Another set for another ng of testosterone? Does it work that way and is it worth it - not just on paper, but in terms of real gains? I know that we don't know! And among the many things we don't know the influence of the post-workout elevation in the long-thought "anabolic" hormones testosterone , growth hormone , and co. is unquestionably one of my personal favorites. You've read about it, here at the SuppVersity many times and I got to tell you in advance that the absence of convincing evidence for / against its importance will become a problem in the bottom line of today's SuppVersity article dealing with the intriguing results of an experiment that has been conducted by Lukas J. Farbiak as part of his Honors Thesis (Farbiak. 2013). "Effects of Lower- and Higher-Volume Resistance Exercise on Serum Total and Free Testosterone, Skeletal Muscle Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone Content, and Skeletal Muscle Androgen Recept...
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Carnitine as Repartitioning Agent? IGF-1, p-AKT & mTOR Up, Catabolic Proteins Down + 7% Improvement in Lean- to Total Mass Ratio W/ HED of 1-1.5 of Carnitine/Day

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It won't spare you the sweat, but carnitine could make it even more worthwhile by ramping up the anabolic and shutting down the catabolic signals. Until 2006 l-carnitine has been known as a fat-burner, an in-effective fat-burner and an expensive and pretty useless supplement (depending on whom you were asking). Then, in July 2006, Kraemer et al. published a paper (a human study, above all!) in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise a consequential paper so to say; a paper in which the authors report that l-carnitine l-tartrate supplementation at a dosage of 2.933g/day (this amount of LCLT contains 2g of pure carnitine) led to a statistically significant increase in androgen receptors in the vastus lateralis after a heavy resistance training protocol in previously strength trained male subjects (Kraemer. 2006). Still, the evidence has always been inconclusive to say the least Despite the fact that the concomitantly elevated post-workout luteinizing hormo...
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