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Low Testosterone ⇨ No Muscle Repair & Long-Term Gains: Testosterone's Effects on Satellite Cells & Myonuclei. Plus: Paradoxical 19% Drop in T W/ Whey + CHO Shake in Boys

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Studies show that "women demonstrate significantly larger satellite cell and satellite cell nucleus areas than men" (Roth. 2000) - an effect that could be mediated by the effects of estrogen, not testosterone on satellite cells. As a SuppVersity reader you will know that satellite cells are the "muscle reserve" that's "cooking" between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of your muscles. They are the cells your body needs to (a) repair damaged muscle cell nuclei (myonuclei) and (b) generate new myonuclei. As a SuppVersity reader you will also know that these new myonuclei are necessary to "Grow Beyond Temporary Physiological Limits" ( learn more ) that are imposed to your muscle by the myostatin increase that occurs, when the domain size, i.e. the volume of your muscle that's controlled by a single myonucleus, becomes too large. To make a long story short: Without satellite cells, your muscle repair and growth will be impaired, which is...
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Anabolic Workouts Revisited - Testosterone, GH, Prolactin & Co: Differential Effects of Workout Type, Volume, Density

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Ronnie Coleman is just one of the pros who trained with crazily high volume and weights - is that the way to go, or does it require too many "supplements"? "What's the most anabolic form of training?" To answer that question we would actually have to initially define how we are planning to measure "anabolism". If we go by the more or less confuted paradigm that the immediate hormonal response to a workout is one, if not the , fundamental determinant of it's effectiveness, today's blogpost provides you with a whole host of already known and novel insights that could come handy, when you're setting up your next workout routine. Please keep in mind, though, that the study by West et al., in which the researchers found no correlation between exercise induced increases in testosterone and only weak correlations between growth hormone and fast twitch muscle fiber size and cortisol and overall lean mass, over a 15-week period, as well...
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Intermittent Thoughts on Building Muscle: The Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy 101 - Part 2: Getting Big Means Growing Beyond Temporary Physiological Limits.

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Image 1: This is another type of "dysfunctional muscle"; distinct from the one we are talking about, here Although I assume that you all have read the last installment of the Intermittent Thoughts, I took FatFree's comment that he (or she?) was missing the " too comlicated check box" from the old design to the heart (I do so with every comment, btw, so keep them coming) and kick off today's installment of "The Thoughts" with a brief and even more "dumbed down" summary of what we have learned about the (possibly) ascertained and, even if human skeletal muscle hyperplasia existed, dominant factors in the trinity of skeletal muscle growth: Protein synthestic increases in myonuclear domain sizes and the satellite cell driven incorporation of new myonuclei. Getting big goes beyond ballooning up You probably will remember the balloon-metaphor, I introduced in the red infobox toward the end of the last installment . Let's briefly...
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Intermittent Thoughts on Building Muscle: The Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy 101 - Part 1: What is Hypertrophy?

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Image 1: Governator, Arnold Schwarzenegger, as a teen and in his early twenties. What - puberty aside - were the underlying mechanisms of the obvious increase in sleeve-size? I mean on a strictly myocellular level, of course ;-) Those of you, who have been following the Intermittent Thoughts series over the last weeks will probably already have realized that I finally dropped the "Intermittent Fasting" from the title ... this is something I have been thinking about for quite some time now. After all, the series has evolved way beyond its initial focus on a specific dietary protocol and has become more of an educational " how do you find your way to success "-series. With the format, intermittent thoughts , being still the same, the upcoming posts in this series, which will certainly touch on the topic of intermittent fasting, again, will be titled "Intermittent Thoughts on..." whatever the topic of the week may be ... and for this week's insta...
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HIT Your Satellite Cells to Increase Your Gains! Only High Intensity "Cardio" Exercise Will Fuel Your Satellite Cell Pool and Set You Up For Future Muscle Growth.

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Image 1: NO-mediated satellite cell recruitement ( Anderson. 2000 ) You have read it on the SuppVersity , you have heard about it on Carl Lanore's Super Human Radio and the BodyRX Show and those of you who have seen videos or pictures from the latest New York City Marathon, should actually have been able to infer it from the way the "finishers" looked like. Intensity not duration is what counts, when doing "cardio". Yet, as a very recent (7 days old) study shows ( Naito. 2011 ), High Intensity Training (HIT) will not only burn off your lovehandles, while keeping your muscles intact, it will also prime your musclefibers for future growth by increasing the number of satellite cells , the small dormant mononuclear progenitor cells that are sandwiched between the basement membrane and sarcolemma of the fibers of your muscle and are recruited, whenever your body feels that you could use a little more or have to replace some damaged muscle mass. While I wil...
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